3D print using durable, tough polyamide for end-use parts.
Material Intro
MJF PA12 Nylon is a robust thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties. Engineered to produce end-use parts and functional prototypes, this strong, accurate, temperature, and chemically resistant material is ideal for volume production, replacing injection moulded parts.
Key benefits
- Dimensional stability & repeatability
- Smooth surface finish with minimal layer lines
- Safe for medical and skin-contact use
- Fine detail resolution
- Low distortion under thermal stress
- Resistance to chemicals and moisture
MJF Nylon behaviour
Mechanical properties
Durable, strong and mechanically stable. Due to the smaller particle size, MJF PA12 Nylon produces parts with higher density and lower porosity than SLS.
Chemical resistance
MJF PA12 delivers good chemical resistance to water, oils, greases, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and alkalies. MJF parts are compatible with most paints, primers and adhesives.
Flexibility
MJF PA12 parts with 1mm wall thickness display flexibility while thicker features, over 5mm have higher stiffness. The versatility of PA12 material makes it ideal for dynamic applications.
Temperature resistance
PA12 Nylon (MJF) parts have good temperature resistance. Thick parts will remain dimensionally stable in temperatures close to 175 °C while thin parts will start to soften and loose their shape when temperatures exceed 95°C.
Durable, strong and mechanically stable. Due to the smaller particle size, MJF PA12 Nylon produces parts with higher density and lower porosity than SLS.
MJF PA12 delivers good chemical resistance to water, oils, greases, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and alkalies. MJF parts are compatible with most paints, primers and adhesives.
MJF PA12 parts with 1mm wall thickness display flexibility while thicker features, over 5mm have higher stiffness. The versatility of PA12 material makes it ideal for dynamic applications.
PA12 Nylon (MJF) parts have good temperature resistance. Thick parts will remain dimensionally stable in temperatures close to 175 °C while thin parts will start to soften and loose their shape when temperatures exceed 95°C.
PA12 Nylon finishes
All MJF PA12 Nylon 3D prints start their life with a ‘Natural Grey’ finish before post-processes alter their appearance and surface properties. MJF PA12 offers several finishes to meet varied requirements when considering different polymer components’ desired aesthetic and mechanical properties.
Finish: As printed
The natural jet-fused material is grey on the surface and black internally. Natural Grey parts have crisp edges and almost no visible layer lines due to the smaller particle size of MJF PA12 Nylon powder. The surface texture is smooth in appearance, slightly grainy and coarse to the touch, similar to an extra-strong mint.
Finish: Black dye (inc. shot peen)
The deep-dye process colours your parts a satin black finish, improving both tactile feel and resistance to dirt and scratches. As MJF parts are naturally black inside, dyeing ensures a uniform black colour throughout. Included in the process, shot peening smooths out minor surface irregularities, providing a uniform appearance.
Finish: Vapour smoothing
Vapour Smoothing reduces the grainy surface texture resulting in a smooth finish. By removing crack initiation points, the process increases elongation at break, impact resistance and fatigue strength. The smoothed surface is sealed, ideal for applications requiring airtight and watertight integrity.
Finish: Vibro polishing
Vibro polishing smoothes the grainy surface texture, resulting in a soft finish that is excellent for painting. This process affects external dimensions and rounds sharp edges, so bear this in mind for your design. Additionally, it is not suitable for delicate parts as they may be damaged during the process.
Finish: As printed
The natural jet-fused material is grey on the surface and black internally. Natural Grey parts have crisp edges and almost no visible layer lines due to the smaller particle size of MJF PA12 Nylon powder. The surface texture is smooth in appearance, slightly grainy and coarse to the touch, similar to an extra-strong mint.
Finish: Black dye (inc. shot peen)
The deep-dye process colours your parts a satin black finish, improving both tactile feel and resistance to dirt and scratches. As MJF parts are naturally black inside, dyeing ensures a uniform black colour throughout. Included in the process, shot peening smooths out minor surface irregularities, providing a uniform appearance.
Finish: Vapour smoothing
Vapour Smoothing reduces the grainy surface texture resulting in a smooth finish. By removing crack initiation points, the process increases elongation at break, impact resistance and fatigue strength. The smoothed surface is sealed, ideal for applications requiring airtight and watertight integrity.
Finish: Vibro polishing
Vibro polishing smoothes the grainy surface texture, resulting in a soft finish that is excellent for painting. This process affects external dimensions and rounds sharp edges, so bear this in mind for your design. Additionally, it is not suitable for delicate parts as they may be damaged during the process.
Ideal for:
End use parts
- Original equipment manufacturing
- Robotics, unmanned systems and industrial automation
- Electronics housings and enclosures
- Lightweight and complex assemblies
- Fixtures, fittings, jigs, brackets, connectors, spacers, nozzles
The excellent mechanical properties and cost-efficiency of PA12 Nylon make it a strong choice for both on-demand production and functional prototyping.
PA12 Nylon (MJF) technical data
| General properties | Test method | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Natural colour | N/A | Grey |
| Particle size | ASTM D3451 | 60 µm |
| Fused part density | ASTM D792 | 1.02 ±0.004 g/cm3 |
| Tensile properties | Test method | Mean value |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Max Load) XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D638 @23°C | 50 ±1 MPa 54 ±2 MPa |
| Tensile Modulus XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D638 @23°C | 1750 ±90 MPa 1950 ±80 MPa |
| Elongation at Break XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D638 @23°C | 19 ±6 % 12 ±2 % |
| Elongation at Yield XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D638 @23°C | 13 ±0.8 % 11 ±1.2 % |
| Poisson Ratio XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D638 @23°C | 0.4 ±0.1 0.3 ±0.04 |
| Impact & flexural properties | Test method | Mean value |
|---|---|---|
| Flexural Modulus XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D790 | 1750 ±110 MPa 1850 ±105 MPa |
| 3.2mm Izod Notched XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D256 Test Method A | 4.3 ±0.4 kJ/m² 4.2 ± 0.4 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Notched XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ISO 179-1/1eA | 3.3 ±0.6 kJ/m² 2.6 ±0.5 kJ/m² |
| Hardness Shore (X, Y, Z) | ASTM D2240 | 73 ±1.1 |
| Thermo mechanical properties | Test method | Mean value |
|---|---|---|
| HDT Heat deflection temperature (at 0.455 MPa, 66 psi) XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D648 Test Method A | 175 ±1.4°C 173 ±2.2°C |
| HDT Heat deflection temperature (at 1.82 MPa, 264 psi) XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D648 Test Method A | 108 ±4.7°C 104 ±2.9°C |
| Vicat softening temperature (at 10N) XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D1525 Test rate A | 175 ±0.3°C 175 ±1.4°C |
| Vicat softening temperature (at 50N) XY, YX (Flatwise) ZX, ZY (Vertical) |
ASTM D1525 Test rate A | 166 ±0.7°C 163 ±1.6°C |
| Thermal conductivity XY, XZ, YX, YZ ZX, ZY |
ISO 8302 | 0.178 W/mK 0.251 W/mK |
| UL flammability rating | UL94 | HB |
| Electrical properties | Test method | Mean value |
|---|---|---|
| Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) | ASTM D3638 | nd V |
| Dielectric Strength (conditioning 48h 23ºC 50%RH) XY Z |
ASTM D149 | 2.8 ±0.5 kV/mm 6.2±0.4 kV/mm |
| Volume Resistivity (23ºC 50RH) XY Z |
ASTM D257 | 2.70E+14±1.45E+1 4 Ω cm 3.66E+14±7.18E+1 3 Ω cm |
| Surface Resistivity (23ºC 50RH) XY Z |
ASTM D257 | nd Ω nd Ω |
Tolerances & accuracy
Our PA12 Nylon (MJF) service has a guaranteed tolerance of DATA-LOADING or DATA-LOADING, whichever is greater.
This doesn’t mean your part will necessarily be off by DATA-LOADING. In most cases, we see tolerances around DATA-LOADING. We only offer a free reprint if the part exceeds the guaranteed tolerance limit. Read more about tolerance and accuracy here.
| 3D printing technology |
95% of printed parts |
Guaranteed tolerance* | Guaranteed lower limit |
Layer height |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) | DATA-LOADING | DATA-LOADING | DATA-LOADING | DATA-LOADING |
| 3D printing technology | Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) |
| 95% of printed parts | DATA-LOADING |
| Guaranteed tolerance* | DATA-LOADING |
| Guaranteed lower limit | DATA-LOADING |
| Layer height | DATA-LOADING |
PA12 Nylon (MJF) design guide
Check your designs meet our guidelines for 3D printing in PA12 Nylon (MJF). The aptly named ‘Design Guide’ is not a rule book, and in some instances, parts with geometries that fall outside of our recommendations may print successfully. However, for best results, please use the guide.
Wall thickness
Wall thickness influences printability and material properties: below 1.0mm may not print and risks damage; up to ~3mm has flexibility, and beyond this will be stiff. Thick walls may be hollowed out to avoid deformation during manufacturing, leaving the internal spaces full of unfused PA12 Nylon powder.
Part size
Parts exceeding or falling below the specified limits are incompatible with our equipment and cannot be produced effectively. We can offer splitting services if parts are too large
Embossed detail
Embossed details are shallow raised features on your model, such as texture, patterns and text. Details smaller than 0.8mm in thickness may not be visible on your part.
Engraved detail
Engraved details are imprinted or recessed features on your model. Details must be at least 0.4mm in width and depth for clarity.
Through holes
To prevent blockages a minimum diameter of 1.5mm is recommended, with an increase of 1mm in diameter for every 10mm depth. (e.g., a 30mm hole should be at least 4.5mm wide)
Blind holes
Blind holes are more susceptible to blockages than through holes. A minimum diameter of 2mm is recommended, with an increase of 2mm in diameter for every 10mm depth.
Cavities
When designing hollow parts, be sure to use large openings and avoid non-line-of-sight cavities to prevent trapping unsintered material inside.
Integrated clearance
Pre-assembled components such as hinges or interlocking parts may fuse if too close together, especially if they have thick walls.
Assembly clearance
For parts intended to be assembled post-printing. A free fit offers more space for easy assembly and movement, while a close fit is tighter and may require some force or adjustments to assemble.
Text size
It’s important to consider the distance between engraved letters as well as the line weight of embossed text. Any material thickness below 0.8mm may not be visible.
Large flat parts
Avoid designing large flat components as they’re particularly susceptible to deformation or warping. Adding support ribs often exacerbates deformation, so it’s best to steer clear of large flat surfaces if possible
Wire diameter
It’s advisable to maintain a minimum thickness of 1.2mm for wires up to 7mm long, increase to 2mm for lengths up to 30mm, and use at least 3mm thickness for anything longer.
Edge thickness
To prevent damage during manufacturing, avoid designs with edges that taper to zero thickness. Thin edges are prone to damage; it’s recommended to blunt these tapered edges to a minimum thickness of 1mm.
Check your designs meet our guidelines for 3D printing in PA12 Nylon (MJF). The aptly named ‘Design Guide’ is not a rule book, and in some instances, parts with geometries that fall outside of our recommendations may print successfully. However, for best results, please use the guide.
Wall thickness
Wall thickness influences printability and material properties: below 1.0mm may not print and risks damage; up to ~3mm has flexibility, and beyond this will be stiff. Thick walls may be hollowed out to avoid deformation during manufacturing, leaving the internal spaces full of unfused PA12 Nylon powder.
Part size
Parts exceeding or falling below the specified limits are incompatible with our equipment and cannot be produced effectively. We can offer splitting services if parts are too large
Embossed detail
Embossed details are shallow raised features on your model, such as texture, patterns and text. Details smaller than 0.8mm in thickness may not be visible on your part.
Engraved detail
Engraved details are imprinted or recessed features on your model. Details must be at least 0.4mm in width and depth for clarity.
Through holes
To prevent blockages a minimum diameter of 1.5mm is recommended, with an increase of 1mm in diameter for every 10mm depth. (e.g., a 30mm hole should be at least 4.5mm wide)
Blind holes
Blind holes are more susceptible to blockages than through holes. A minimum diameter of 2mm is recommended, with an increase of 2mm in diameter for every 10mm depth.
Cavities
When designing hollow parts, be sure to use large openings and avoid non-line-of-sight cavities to prevent trapping unsintered material inside.
Integrated clearance
Pre-assembled components such as hinges or interlocking parts may fuse if too close together, especially if they have thick walls.
Assembly clearance
For parts intended to be assembled post-printing. A free fit offers more space for easy assembly and movement, while a close fit is tighter and may require some force or adjustments to assemble.
Text size
It’s important to consider the distance between engraved letters as well as the line weight of embossed text. Any material thickness below 0.8mm may not be visible.
Large flat parts
Avoid designing large flat components as they’re particularly susceptible to deformation or warping. Adding support ribs often exacerbates deformation, so it’s best to steer clear of large flat surfaces if possible
Wire diameter
It’s advisable to maintain a minimum thickness of 1.2mm for wires up to 7mm long, increase to 2mm for lengths up to 30mm, and use at least 3mm thickness for anything longer.
Edge thickness
To prevent damage during manufacturing, avoid designs with edges that taper to zero thickness. Thin edges are prone to damage; it’s recommended to blunt these tapered edges to a minimum thickness of 1mm.
PA12 Nylon (MJF) pricing
MJF PA12 Nylon is priced using the ‘MJF Material Pricing’ method. The 3D file’s surface is offset by 3.0 mm, and the new file’s volume is used to calculate the material cost of the part.
You can find more information on our pricing page, including tips and tricks to achieve better prices.
MJF material pricing
PA12 Nylon care guide
Follow this guide to help you keep your PA12 Nylon (MJF) 3D prints in good condition.
Blocked powder
The automated blasting process clears loose powder from all shallow holes and channels. You can easily remove any powder trapped in holes with a pin or fine drill bit. Deep tunnels through a part can be tricky; we recommend designing parts without these features.
Excess powder
Our Dyemansion technology completely de-powders parts in seconds. On rare occasions, there can be some excess powder left on the surface of the 3D print. PA12 Nylon parts are dishwasher safe due to the materials’ high-temperature resistance.
Cleaning parts
Dirt can easily attach to the rough surface texture of powder bed fusion parts. We recommend using soap and warm water to clean PA12 Nylon parts. For improved dirt resistance, use Vibro-Polishing / Black Dye finishes.
PA12 Nylon (MJF)
FAQ
Are Multi Jet Fusion PA12 nylon 3D prints biocompatible?
Yes, Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) PA12 nylon 3D prints are biocompatible and comply with UK regulations for medical devices and healthcare applications. They meet the necessary standards and requirements, ensuring their safety and suitability for use in healthcare settings within the United Kingdom. However we do not guarantee this and parts from 3D People will have to be tested before use.
Can MJF PA12 nylon 3D prints be sanded?
Certainly, natural grey Multi Jet Fusion PA12 parts have a smooth but slightly grainy surface finish directly out of the machine. If you desire an even smoother surface, you can sand these parts by hand or machine. When sanding any plastics, it’s important to keep the material cool to avoid localised melting.
Can MJF PA12 nylon 3D prints be painted?
Absolutely, natural grey Multi Jet Fusion PA12 parts are excellent for paint adhesion due to their slightly grainy texture. These materials are unreactive and compatible with most primers, paints, and adhesives. To enhance the surface finish, we recommend vibro polishing geometries that display more visible layer lines.
What types of parts are typically produced using MJF PA12 nylon?
MJF PA12 nylon is versatile and suitable for various applications. Typical parts include:
- Housings and enclosures
- Snapfits and complex assemblies
- Fixtures, fittings, jigs, brackets, connectors, spacers, nozzles
- Medical device components (compliant with UK biocompatibility regulations)
- Automotive components, such as interior trim pieces and brackets
- Aerospace components, including lightweight structural parts
- Customized consumer products and prototypes
- Artistic and decorative objects with intricate details
What is HP PA12 Nylon made from?
Multijet Fusion PA12 is a fine polyamide powder primarily derived from petroleum sources. Also known as 3D High Reusability PA12, this material is engineered by HP for functional parts produced using Multi Jet Fusion 3D printers.
Is 3D printed Multi Jet Fusion HP PA12 nylon waterproof?
Yes, HP MJF PA12 Nylon has a higher density and lower porosity compared to SLS PA12 Nylon 3D prints. MJF 3D prints are watertight for wall thicknesses exceeding 4mm, making them suitable for applications requiring waterproof properties.
Does 3D printed Multi Jet Fusion HP PA12 nylon degrade in sunlight?
HP MJF PA12 has good UV resistance and holds up well in outdoor use. Mechanical properties remain stable with prolonged sun exposure. Some fading or surface chalking may occur over time, especially in natural grey. Satin black offers better UV stability and appearance retention.